Fundamental rights through time. a journey from their origins to the 21st Century

Abstract

The study of fundamental rights is a crucial aspect in understanding and analyzing the rule of law, as it is key to building a society grounded in a culture of peace. In this context, the present research offers a chronological analysis of fundamental rights through an analytical approach that spans from Ancient times to the 21st century, taking into account the new scenarios and challenges currently being faced. From a methodological standpoint, a bibliographic review was conducted, including books, scholarly articles, and specialized websites, allowing for a comprehensive perspective on the topic. Among the main findings, it is reaffirmed that fundamental rights remain the central axis of modern democracies. However, they now face new challenges related to technological advancements, environmental crises, and growing social tensions. Likewise, it is evident that these rights have expanded into new dimensions, including digital rights, universal access to the Internet, and the protection of personal data, which calls for a rethinking of their scope and application in contemporary contexts.