Inteligencia artificial en la educación superior: tendencias globales y aplicaciones estratégicas (2020–2025) Una revisión sistemática y análisis crítico del contexto peruano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71112/bdkjqy10Palavras-chave:
inteligencia artificial, educación superior, analítica del aprendizaje, innovación educativa, ética digital, Perú.Resumo
Este análisis examina las tendencias a nivel mundial y regional sobre el uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la educación superior durante el periodo 2020-2025; se enfoca, además, de manera particular en el contexto peruano. Es una revisión sistemática e interpretativa. A través del protocolo PRISMA y un análisis bibliométrico de fuentes indexadas en Scopus y Web of Science, se identificaron avances en la personalización del aprendizaje, las tutorías inteligentes, la analítica educativa y la automatización administrativa. Los hallazgos muestran un desarrollo continuo de la investigación, aunque también desafíos éticos y pedagógicos relacionados con la privacidad, la equidad digital y la capacitación docente. La adopción de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito institucional en Perú está comenzando y es desproporcionada entre universidades públicas y privadas. Para lograr una integración responsable, es necesario contar con políticas inclusivas, gobernanza ética y un fortalecimiento de las habilidades investigativas y docentes.
Downloads
Referências
Adewole, D., Olusola, S. J., Ogunlana, S., & Adelola, M. A. (2025). Development of an AI-powered faculty support chatbot. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.1001026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.1001026
Alawneh, Y. J. J., Sleema, H., Salman, F. N., Alshammat, M. F., Oteer, R. S., & Alrashidi, N. K. N. (2024). Adaptive learning systems: Revolutionizing higher education through AI-driven curricula. En Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Communication Systems (ICKECS 2024) (pp. 1–5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICKECS61492.2024.10616675 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICKECS61492.2024.10616675
Alhardi, A., & Alan, S. (2024). Predicting student dropout in higher education using machine learning techniques: A predictive model using XGBoost algorithm. En Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Technologies (ICENTE’24). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/386564297
Baker, R. S., & Inventado, P. S. (2014). Educational data mining and learning analytics. En J. A. Larusson & B. White (Eds.), Learning analytics: From research to practice (pp. 61–75). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3305-7_4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3305-7_4
Cendejas Valdez, J. L., & Ponce Díaz, R. (2024). Procesamiento de la información a través de la inteligencia artificial: Una solución a problemas reales desde la educación. Universidad Tecnológica de Morelia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383494867
Chamoli Falcón, A. W., & Patiño García, L. W. (2024). Impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la educación jurídica latinoamericana. Aula Virtual, 5(12). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13286966 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47133/rdap2025-35art10
Chen, X., Zou, D., Cheng, G., & Xie, H. (2023). Artificial intelligence in education: A review of 2020–2022 publications. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5, 100125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100125
Cobos-Gutiérrez, C. E. (2024). Impacto de la inteligencia artificial en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de secundaria: Un estudio correlacional. PURIQ, 6, e740. https://doi.org/10.37073/puriq.6.740 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37073/puriq.6.740
Contreras-Contreras, F., & Olaya Guerrero, J. C. (2025). La inteligencia artificial en la educación superior peruana: Tendencias y desafíos. Tribunal. Revista en Ciencias de la Educación y Ciencias Jurídicas, 5(13). https://doi.org/10.59659/revistatribunal.v5i13.254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59659/revistatribunal.v5i13.254
Cordón García, O. (2023). Inteligencia artificial en educación superior: Oportunidades y riesgos. RiiTE Revista Interuniversitaria de Investigación en Tecnología Educativa, (15), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.6018/riite.591581 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/riite.591581
Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence in higher education: The state of the field. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(22). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00392-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00392-8
Csaszar, F. A., Ketkar, H., & Kim, H. (2024). Artificial intelligence and strategic decision-making: Evidence from entrepreneurs and investors. General Economics, 55. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.08811 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4913363
Elbasi, E., Nadeem, M., Alzoubi, Y. I., Topcu, A. E., & Varghese, G. (2025). Machine learning in education: Innovations, impacts, and ethical considerations. IEEE Access, 13, 128741–128770. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3590134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3590134
Fernández-Miranda, M., Román-Acosta, D., Jurado-Rosas, A. A., Limón-Domínguez, D., & Torres-Fernández, C. (2024). Artificial intelligence in Latin American universities: Emerging challenges. Computación y Sistemas, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.13053/cys-28-2-4822 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13053/cys-28-2-4822
García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2022). Learning analytics and educational data science in higher education. Education in the Knowledge Society, 23(2). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341262644
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. OECD Publishing. https://curriculumredesign.org/wp-content/uploads/AIED-Book-Excerpt-CCR.pdf
Holmes, W., & Tuomi, I. (2022). State of the art and practice in AI in education. European Journal of Education, 57(4), 542–570. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12533 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12533
Huijie, Q., & Zhao, Z. (2020). Adaptive learning systems and AI-based tutoring in higher education. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 58(6), 1183–1205. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1693/1/012010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1693/1/012010
Ji, S., & Yuan, T. (2022). Conversational intelligent tutoring systems for online learning. En Proceedings of the IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2022) (pp. 292–298). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON52537.2022.9766567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON52537.2022.9766567
Lu, N. (2020). A new smart-microsystems age enabled by heterogeneous integration of silicon-centric and AI technologies. En Proceedings of the International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (ISSM) (pp. 1–4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM51728.2020.9377502 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSM51728.2020.9377502
Lubguban, N. S., & Bauyot, M. (2025). Utilizing artificial intelligence for education 4.0 and beyond: A systematic review. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 51(6), 162–183. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2025/v51i61985 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2025/v51i61985
Marín, Y. R., Caro, O. C., Rituay, A. M. C., et al. (2025). Ethical challenges associated with the use of artificial intelligence in university education. Journal of Academic Ethics, 23, 2443–2467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-025-09660-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-025-09660-w
Matos Del Villar, L. (2025). Formación continua y competencias digitales en docentes de una institución educativa pública, Lima 2024 [Tesis de maestría, Universidad César Vallejo].
MINEDU. (2023). Plan nacional de transformación digital educativa 2023–2030. Ministerio de Educación del Perú. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/pronabec/informes-publicaciones/5184353
Namoun, A., & Alshanqiti, A. (2021). Predicting student performance using data mining and learning analytics techniques: A systematic literature review. Applied Sciences, 11(1), 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010237 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010237
Pita-Briones, K. M., Jiménez Pin, K. E., Saldarriaga-Alvarado, I. P., & Meneses-López, S. G. (2025). Competencias digitales docentes frente a la inteligencia artificial educativa. https://doi.org/10.33386/593dp.2025.5.3569 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33386/593dp.2025.5.3569
Puga Cañar, D. H., González Gómez, J. D., Rosero Paucha, R. R., & Sagbay Ordoñez, L. E. (2025). El uso de chatbots y asistentes virtuales en la educación. Neosapiencia, 3(1), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.64018/neosapiencia.v3i1.29 DOI: https://doi.org/10.64018/neosapiencia.v3i1.29
Putra Barus, O., Hidayanto, A. N., Handri, E. Y., Sensuse, D. I., & Yaiprasert, C. (2025). Shaping generative AI governance in higher education. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 8, 100452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100452 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100452
Ramírez Chávez, M. A., & Litardo Caicedo, L. G. (2025). Ética y responsabilidad en el uso de inteligencia artificial en la educación superior. Estudios y Perspectivas, 5(2), 66–84. https://doi.org/10.61384/r.c.a.v5i2.1095 DOI: https://doi.org/10.61384/r.c.a..v5i2.1095
Ruíz Muñoz, G. F. (2024). Enseñanza híbrida y transformación digital en la educación. RITI Journal, 12(25). https://doi.org/10.36825/RITI.12.25.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36825/RITI.12.25.005
Salas-Pilco, S. Z., & Yang, Y. (2022). Artificial intelligence in higher education in Latin America: A systematic review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100089. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00326-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00326-w
Sánchez-Trujillo, M. de los A., Bernabé-Sánchez, E., & Sáenz-Egúsquiza, F. D. (2025). Inteligencia artificial y formación docente. Revista Eduweb, 19(3), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2025.19.03.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2025.19.03.2
Solórzano, V. M., Garzozi-Pincay, R. F., Calle García, T. M., & Lainez-Villao, M. D. (2024). The fourth educational revolution and the impact of AI on pedagogy. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture. https://doi.org/10.70082/esiculture.vi.1315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.70082/esiculture.vi.1315
UNESCO. (2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386283
Williamson, B., & Eynon, R. (2020). Historical threads, missing links, and future directions in AI in education. Learning, Media and Technology, 45, 223–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1798995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1798995
Yana-Salluca, M. (2024). Artificial intelligence for socio-emotional support in Peruvian higher education. Journal of Digital Learning Research, 15(4), 210–228. https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v6i1.927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v6i1.927
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(39). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Zhai, X., Istenic, A., Chu, X., Chai, C. S., Spector, M., Liu, J.-B., Jong, M. S. Y., Yuan, J., & Li, Y. (2021). A review of artificial intelligence in education from 2010 to 2020. Complexity, 2021, Article 8812542. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8812542 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8812542
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 José Luis Cárdena Flores (Autor/a)
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
